129,99 zł
- Wydawca: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategoria: Biznes, rozwój, prawo
- Język: angielski
- Rok wydania: 2016
Highly Commended at the British Medical Association Book Awards 2016 Immunology Lecture Notes provides a thorough grounding in basic concepts of immunity. Covering the core components of the Immunology curriculum at medical school, it presents a concise overview of the immune system, its interactions with pathogens, the major areas of immunopathology, including immunodeficiency, allergy, autoimmunity, lymphoptopliferative diseases and transplantation, and their therapy. Immunology Lecture Notes includes: * Full-colour descriptive illustrations and diagrams throughout, supplemented by new molecular graphics and anatomical scans * New clinical cases developed as themes throughout the book to illustrate the practical application of immunological principles * Fully updated self-assessment questions with expanded explanation of answers With learning objectives and key points guiding you through the vital concepts, Immunology Lecture Notes will help you to address the key disorders of the immune system, and use immunological developments in clinical practice.
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Liczba stron: 572
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CONTENTS
Cover
Title page
Preface to the seventh edition
From the preface to the first edition
Key to symbols used in this edition
Overview of the immune system
Part 1: Immunity and the Immune System
1 The nature of immunity
Recognition and defence components
Innate and adaptive immunity
Stages of an immune response
Immunological defence strategies
An overview
Immunopathology
Self-Assessment Questions
2 Immune recognition
Recognition of PAMPs
Recognition of antigens
The HLA system and its proteins
Self-Assessment Questions
3 Lymphocyte development and activation
B-cell development
B-cell activation and maturation
T-cell development and education
T-cell subpopulations
Self-Assessment Questions
4 Lymphocyte interactions, cytokines and the lymphoid system
Cytokines and T-cell subpopulations
The lymphoid system
Lymphocyte recirculation and homing
Lymphocyte selection and maturation
Laboratory methods
Self-Assessment Questions
5 Immunoglobulins
Structure
Classes and subclasses
Triggering of effector systems
Immunoglobulin genes
Exploiting the properties of immunoglobulins: Laboratory methods
Self-Assessment Questions
6 Complement
The classical pathway (Fig. 6.3) and the lectin pathway
The alternative pathway (Fig 6.5)
The membrane attack pathway (Fig. 6.2)
Inadequate regulation of complement activation
Complement polymorphisms and deficiencies
Self-Assessment Questions
7 Phagocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Common features of phagocyte responses
Self-Assessment Questions
8 Mast cells, basophils and eosinophils
Triggering of mast cells and basophils
Mast cell mediators
Eosinophils
Cooperation between mast cells, basophils and eosinophils
Self-Assessment Questions
9 Killer cells
Mechanisms of target cell recognition
Mechanisms of target cell killing
Cooperation between killer cells and interferons
Self-Assessment Questions
Part 2: Immunopathology
10 Immunity and infection
Defence against infection
Mechanisms of evasion
The inflammatory response
Regulation of immune and inflammatory responses
Diagnosis of microbial infection
Opportunistic infection
Chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown cause
The host–pathogen interface
Self-Assessment Questions
11 Primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders
Important clues
Investigation of suspected immunodeficiency
Primary or secondary immunodeficiency
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Thymic hypoplasia (DiGeorge syndrome; 22q11 deletion syndromes)
T-cell deficiencies
Defects in mediator production and the innate immune system
NK cell defects
B-cell deficiencies: Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Other forms of hypogammaglobulinaemia (Table 11.4)
Transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy
Selective immunoglobulin deficiencies
Phagocyte defects
Complement deficiencies
Secondary forms of immunodeficiency
Non-immunological abnormalities that predispose to infection (Table 11.10)
HIV infection and AIDS
Clinical features
Self-Assessment Questions
12 The generation of tissue-damaging responses
The immune system as a contributor to disease
Responses to extracellular bacteria
Responses to intracellular bacteria
Responses to viral infections
Abnormal responses to vaccines
Types of immune reactions
Responses to non-microbial antigens
Contributory factors to hypersensitivity reactions
Responses to autoantigens
Phases of autoimmunity
Role of MHC antigens in autoimmunity
Measuring the strength of associations
Phenotypes, genotypes and haplotypes
Genotype nomenclature
Mechanisms of association with MHC antigens
Role of other genes in autoimmunity
Infection as a trigger of autoimmunity
Mechanisms of induction of autoimmunity
Responses to unidentified antigens
Self-Assessment Questions
13 Mechanisms of immunological tissue damage
Introduction
Immediate hypersensitivity (type I)
IgG, IgA or IgM cell- or membrane-reactive mechanism (type II)
Immune complex (IC) mechanism (type III)
Cell-mediated mechanisms: DTH (type IV)
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Clinical examples
Skin disease
Kidney disease
Self-Assessment Questions
14 Lymphoproliferative disease
Lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy
Viruses and oncogenes
EB virus and infectious mononucleosis
Leukaemias
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML)
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
Lymphomas
Hodgkin’s disease
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL)
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Monoclonal gammopathies
Macroglobulinaemia
Myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
Heavy chain diseases
Cryoglobulinaemia
Amyloidosis
Self-Assessment Questions
15 Transplantation
Histocompatibility systems
The rejection process
Afferent limb
Efferent limb
Ways of modifying the rejection process
HLA typing and matching
Source and preparation of the graft
Selection and preparation of the recipient
Monitoring the allograft response
Non-specific immunosuppression
Specific immunosuppression
The blood transfusion effect
Recurrent and transferred disease
Xenografts
Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation
Graft-versus-host disease
Indications for haematopoeitic stem cell transplant
Autologous transplantation
Self-Assessment Questions
16 Immunological therapy
The approach to immunotherapy
Passive immunotherapy
Active immunotherapy
Principles of active immunization
Immunization against infectious disease
Immunotherapy for cancer
Immunotherapy for allergy (‘desensitization’) and for autoimmune diseases
Immunomodulatory therapy
Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs
Cytokines, interferons and CSFs
Monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptor molecules
Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic therapy
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Anti-allergic drugs
Self-Assessment Questions
Part 3: Self-assessment: answers
Self-assessment: answers
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 01
Table 1.1 Examples of types of pathogens and the diseases they cause.
Table 1.2 Cells of the immune system.
Table 1.3 Secreted mediators of immunity.
Chapter 02
Table 2.1 Innate immune recognition by pattern recognition molecules.
Table 2.2 Examples of CD molecules and their cellular expression.
Table 2.3 Relationship between T-cell phenotype, HLA restriction and function.
Chapter 03
Table 3.1 Examples of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
Chapter 04
Table 4.1 Cytokines: Their sources and immunological functions.
Table 4.2 CD4
+
T-cell cytokines and their effects.
Table 4.3 The influence of cytokine production on disease pathogenesis following infection of macrophages by
Mycobacterium leprae
.
Table 4.4 Adhesion molecules involved in the selective homing of T cells to different tissues.
Chapter 05
Table 5.1 Physical and biological characteristics of immunoglobulins.
Table 5.2 Mechanisms that contribute to the diversity of immunoglobulin variable domains.
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